Over 20% of all drugs are tested on monkeys, and this supply chain—from breeding to testing—has become a multi-billion dollar business marked by price volatility, international supply shocks, and ethical scandals.
More than one-fifth of pharmaceuticals undergo primate testing, creating a massive industry where monkeys cost up to $50,000 each after China halted exports, leading to a supply crisis filled by Southeast Asian breeders and companies like Charles River Labs dominating the $4B annual testing market.
transcript
Speaker 1: Basically more than 20% of all drugs are tested on monkeys. They used to be two grand a monkey. When COVID happened, prices shot up cuz they needed to test for medicines, vaccines, whatnot. So, it got to 20,000, 50,000 per monkey. And then what happened was at the time China supplied like 60% of the world's what they call NHPs, non-human primates. They breed them, they were supplying them. China just went cold turkey. They just went cold monkey. They just stopped exporting. They were like, "Well, we're going to keep them all for themselves." And so there was a huge supply shock. Prices shot up to 50,000 per monkey. And Cambodia steps in and Vietnam steps in and the Mauritius, whatever that is, island step in and they start providing these monkeys. So, the US kind of needs it and there's these big businesses in the US. So, there's this one business called Charles River Labs. Charles River Labs is like in Boston or something like this. They do this as like research testing as a service for all the biotech companies so they don't have to do it themselves. basically have all of the like the mice and the rats and the dogs and the monkeys all there and they do this testing. They work with like 80% of biotech companies. Like it's crazy like the scale is pretty crazy. Even crazy, I think it's like 80% of drugs that go to market get tested with them. Like they have to say absolute monopoly. They do 4 billion a year in revenue.
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