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DefinitionVideo · 1:35 — 7:27

The physical world can be digitized by treating atoms like bits, with manufacturing as CPU, real estate as storage, and logistics as network, enabling industrial AI.

Travis Kalanick explains his core thesis of digitizing the physical world by mapping computing concepts (CPU, storage, network) to atoms (manufacturing, real estate, logistics), which he calls 'atoms-based computers' for industrial AI. ✦ AI generated

Travis Kalanick · a16z Podcast · 2026-08-14 · original ↗

starts at this moment · 1:35

I think a lot of folks know that sort of my whole thing and you hear me talk about all the time digitizing the physical world, bits to atoms, this kind of thing... Look, we know what bits are. Bits, the bits world is a computer... The three core computing resources, CPU manipulates the bits, storage stores bits, network moves bits from point A to point B. But if you're digitizing the physical world, you're treating atoms like bits. And you're like, well, I know that CPU manipulates the bits. What manipulates atoms? That's manufacturing or digitized manufacturing. Storage stores bits. What stores atoms? That's real estate. Network moves bits from point A to point B. What moves atoms? Well, that's transport or logistics... So we look at what we do as industrial AI. And I sort of have a nice little definition there. Systems of software, sensors, robotics, and AI used to automate operations of entire industrial sectors. Okay, that's what we do.

verbatim transcript · starts at 1:35

Transcript · around this moment

1:35physical world, bits to atoms, this kind of thing. Um you know, some people like, oh yeah, physical AI, of course he's going to say that. That makes sense. We've been doing this for a long time. Okay, this is a continuation of a lot of the awesome things we did back in the Uber day. So, I'm going to show you a video from 10 years ago. Consider the bit, the building block of

2:09the digital world. It was invented just 70 years ago. Yet in its short life, it has changed [music] the way we communicate, do business, and live almost every aspect of our lives. For Uber, the bit represents our technology. It's complex, precise, and advanced. But when it's [music] expressed, it is effortless, and refined. And if you think the bit is a big deal, consider the atom. Born 13.8 8 billion

2:43years ago. The atom is responsible for everything from the BLT [music] to moms everywhere to New York City. And for us, the atom signifies our rapidly improving cities, the goods we move from place to place, and most [music] importantly, the people we serve. Until a few short years ago, atoms and bits existed in [music] entirely different worlds. But then something happened at Uber. We asked, "What if we

3:16brought these two worlds together? What would that look like?" It looks like this. We are able to create safe, lowcost transportation options like Uber Pool and Uber X. We are able to create efficient and more reliable ways of getting people the things they need. We are able to deliver freshcooked meals from the most popular iconic restaurants within minutes and someday safe [music] efficient movement of people and things

3:46at a giant scale. Most of us don't think about bits or atoms much if ever. We think about how to get from here to there, the people in our lives, the millions [music] of tiny dramas that play out across the world each day. the human stuff. Uber ultimately succeeds because we think about the human stuff first. But the way we do it, that's our secret. We leave no bit or atom unturned to

4:18create [music] industries that serve people and not the other way around. >> So we I talk about digitizing the physical world all the time. I've been doing it for 10 freaking years. I I think I'm making a lot of the folks that are at Uber, they're like, "We're tired of it. Please stop talking about bits and atoms is crazy. I don't even understand what you're talking about."

4:40Look, we know what bits are. Bits, the bits world is a computer. And those of us who were engineers, computer science, etc., and some of us who weren't, we know what that is. The three core computing resources, CPU manipulates the bits, storage stores bits, network moves bits from point A to point B. But if you're digitizing the physical world, you're treating atoms like bits. And you're like, well, I know that CPU

5:06manipulates the bits. What manipulates atoms? That's manufacturing or digitized manufacturing. Storage stores bits. What stores atoms? That's real estate. Network moves bits from point A to point B. What moves atoms? Well, that's transport or logistics. So, we didn't exactly think of it, we were close, but we didn't exactly think of it this way at the time. But Uber was network for the physical world, digitized transportation, but it's not totally

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