The biggest obstacle to progress is resistance to change, as seen in historical industrial revolutions and today.
Kalanick frames resistance to change as the 'final boss' for entrepreneurs, drawing parallels to the Second Industrial Revolution. ✦ AI generated
Travis Kalanick · a16z Podcast · 2026-08-14 · original ↗
starts at this moment · 15:04
But there's a what I call the final boss. The final boss for progress. It's like the the boss you got to you you have to go up against and every one of the entrepreneurs in this room knows it. It's called resistance to change. ... I like to make analogies to the second industrial revolution. ... There's a lot of analogies for what happened then to like what's happening now. ... We're starting to see those things, right? So like of course go back to 2014 Uber uh well there was a strike across all of Europe in all the major European cities. They lit cars on fire. They did crazy things to stop that kind of progress. This is the final boss, the resistance to change.
verbatim transcript · starts at 15:04
15:04entrepreneurs in this room knows it. It's called resistance to change. It's natural because like you know a lot of times change is bad. Um and so you have to deliver an overwhelming amount of progress to make your change happen. And so I like to make analogies to we're almost done guys. I like to make analogies to the second industrial revolution. There's like we don't fully I think a lot of folks here may not be
15:33totally schooled on what happened 100 years ago, 150 years ago, but there's a lot of analogies for what happened then to like what's happening now. And by the way, we all think, "Oh, founder mode. Let's go. Founder mode, guys. 150 years ago, they did founder mode for real." This is a picture, an illustration. You don't see that guy on the top has a gun. He's about to shoot Henry Frick. Henry
15:59Frick was a partner of Carnegie. They revolutionized steel. Like you talk about everything being mined and all the buildings and things that we see around us, all the infrastructure, etc. Started with Carnegie and Frick. Um, an anarchist came into his office and shot him twice and stabbed him several times. Uh, he didn't die. While the bullets were getting pulled out, the dudes kept working. Founder mode. All right. And by the way, there's other
16:37interesting things that happened back then. Super interesting stuff. Okay. If those of you who know about like Westinghouse and Thomas Edison, Edison was all about direct current. Westinghouse was all about alternating current. We kind of know what won. Like, yes, I have a flashlight with direct current, but basically AC won because it could go long distances. Edison was on the wrong side of this equation big time, but he wasn't going down without a
17:04fight. So, he market he was the ultra OG of FUD, fear, uncertainty, and doubt. He was the ultra OG. You know what he did? He did public displays of electrocution of animals to show that AC electricity was unsafe. He was the OG. Now, we see this in the current world. Okay, the analogies they play. I'm just saying. Okay, that might go online. This was a Homestead protest. Okay.
17:48Homestead protest. This is a Carnegie Frick thing. Actually led to him getting shot actually. Uh and it was about uh it was a a strike sort of Homestead strike and it was a basically a unionization thing and they weren't willing to go union and there was obviously a scuffle of of sorts. Um, and it's I mean it's one of the it was the first big huge union situation for how we think about
18:15it today. Probably the archetype for it. And we're starting to see those things, right? So like of course go back to 2014 Uber uh well there was a strike across all of Europe in all the major European cities. They lit cars on fire. They did crazy things to stop that kind of progress. This is the final boss, the resistance to change. And like you know they say history doesn't rhy, this
18:42doesn't repeat itself, but it rhymes. Okay. And not everybody can read it. Okay. So the Uber and Lift drivers are now protesting at the Whimo office. Okay. There's a What's this? Okay, fair enough. See, that happens. Okay. But we're ma we're bringing progress forward. There will be resistance. It is going to be a thing. And there are a ton of entrepreneurs, super badass entrepreneurs in this room. Like we have
- ·Kalanick calls resistance to change the "final boss" for entrepreneurs
- ·Every entrepreneur faces this core obstacle to progress
- ·Resistance appears in every major technological shift
- ·Parallels between the Second Industrial Revolution and today
- ·2014 Uber protests: strikes across major European cities
- ·Opponents lit cars on fire to stop progress