The belief that an AI arms race is inevitable and unstoppable is false and dangerous; societies have repeatedly chosen to restrain powerful technologies (bioweapons, germline editing, cloning) and can do the same with AI, especially since the West controls the chip supply chain.

32:54there. We've been having to do that for 50 years. So, scientists chose not to do that. cloning. You know, we've been we know how to do cloning for decades now, right? But the scientific community, with one rogue Chinese exception, right, has agreed not to do that. And so, I do think there's a world where we should not just accept the future as being determined. We shape it actively. And

33:15maybe you want this thing to go forward, maybe you don't, but we have many examples of genies being stuffed back into the bottle. And, you know, I think it's entirely possible. It may not be the thing we want to do, but it is something that's doable and we shouldn't just like resign ourselves to say, "Hey, our fate is out of our hands." We control it. And in fact, that might be

33:33the most dangerous view I hear at AI where people say, "It's just coming like a freight train. Nothing you can do about it." You know, you just have to like figure out how you're going to adjust. I don't accept that. We can shape it. We can form it. We can allow it to do certain things, not other things. We don't have to accept that robots are fighting with no oversight in

33:51wars or that robots are taking our jobs. These are things we may permit or may not permit but it is our choice and we should just like debate them on the merits rather than have being fatalistic about it. I think there is one aspect to sort of the X-risk um argument though which is that all it takes is one rogue nation you know who says yeah we don't

34:12care you know we're not going to sign on to this treaty or that treaty. I mean like you mentioned you know nuclear proliferation you know if my history serves me correctly correctly even after the signing of that of that treaty there were there were countries that still continued like and and a couple at least that maybe are probably developed you know nuclear weapons and I think that the problem with hypothetical like

34:38the hypothetical AI is that it's so powerful it's such an advantage that that if if you allow that to happen um and by virtue of not doing it yourself can't defend yourself against it you know what happens then >> I find that a dangerous view um in two ways and like in the world of war um you know you can say like you know this came actually up during the Iraq war and the

35:04Afghanistan conflict you know we were having to abide by rules that the enemy wasn't doing we know that to be the case you know we just didn't kill civilians we you had to be in uniform we tried to take you a a prisoner and give you all the rights of a P or if and then we tried to break away from that right that's what Guantanamo was about like