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Protestant England under Elizabeth was not at peace but in a cold war with Catholic Europe.

Tom sets up the central thesis of the episode: Elizabeth's reign was not a golden peace but a cold war against the Catholic powers of Europe. ✦ AI generated

Tom · The Rest Is History · 2026-07-27 · original ↗

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When Elizabeth Tuda ascends the throne in 1558, her regime is dangerously fragile. She is a Protestant queen ruling a country that is still in its instincts and in its traditions deeply Catholic. Yet she survives on the throne surrounded by enemies though she is. There is no rebellion. There is no invasion. But this is not a peace. Protestant England is in a cold war. Europe has become a deadly chessboard.

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0:00When Elizabeth Tuda ascends the throne in 1558, her regime is dangerously fragile. She is a Protestant queen ruling a country that is still in its instincts and in its traditions deeply Catholic. Yet she survives on the throne surrounded by enemies though she is. There is no rebellion. There is no invasion. But this is not a peace. Protestant England is in a cold war. Europe has become a deadly chessboard.

0:31Potential traitors are everywhere. This episode is brought to you by the Lloyd's 5K house deposit. And this is something that was last seen in 1996. Yeah. So, the 1990s looks now like a lost golden age of prosperity and positivity, doesn't it? Think of the sort of the advent of the Blair administration in 1997, all the enthusiasm and excitement that surrounded that, the economic growth of the time, the technological development,

0:58the sort of sense of a an endless golden summer where everybody's listening to Blur and Oasis and looking forward to to buying their first houses. And that of course takes us to mortgages. Now, the good news is that in a nod to the 1990s, Lloyds are offering 5K deposit mortgages to firsttime buyers. So search 5K firsttime buyer 1996 average firsttime buyer deposits are based on OS data.

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supportsProtestant England under Elizabeth I was in a cold war against Catholic enemies, not a peace.Tom Holland · The Rest Is Historyprovides contextWilliam Cecil's politics were driven by an apocalyptic conviction that England's struggle was a cosmic clash between heaven and hell.Tom · The Rest Is Historyprovides contextElizabeth could not execute Mary Queen of Scots because she refused to establish the precedent of executing an anointed monarch.Tom · The Rest Is Historyprovides contextThe St. Bartholomew's Day massacre confirmed to William Cecil that there was a vast Catholic international conspiracy to murder Elizabeth and replace her with Mary Queen of Scots.Tom · The Rest Is Historyprovides contextEdmund Campion's letter to the Privy Council, known as 'Campion's brag,' was seen by Protestants as a declaration of war that proved the Jesuits came to subvert, not just convert.Tom · The Rest Is Historyprovides contextWalsingham justified the use of torture against Catholic priests as necessary because without it the state could not prevail against the conspiracy.Tom · The Rest Is Historyprovides contextWilliam Cecil's conviction that the struggle against Catholicism was a cosmic battle between heaven and hell is fundamental to understanding his actions and Elizabethan politics.Tom Holland · The Rest Is Historyprovides contextElizabeth used her own prospect of marriage to the Catholic French prince François, Duke of Anjou, as a diplomatic tool aimed at building a counterweight to Philip II's Spain, treating Anjou's establishment in the Low Countries as a better bet for England than Spanish rule.Tom Holland · The Rest Is History