The Treaty of Nonsuch in 1585 marked England's formal entry into the Dutch revolt, fundamentally changing the conflict's scope.

40:40terrible news. Um and so 3 days later after the fall of Antwerp on the 20th of August a treaty is signed um between Elizabeth I and the Dutch rebels um at a palace built by Henry VIII at a place called Nonsuch in Surrey. And this is the first ever treaty signed by what will become the Dutch Republic with a foreign power. And by its terms, Elizabeth agrees to send an

41:06expeditionary force to the Low Countries to support Holland and the other rebel provinces. And this is to consist of 6,350 infantry and 1,000 cavalry. And amazingly, Elizabeth says, "I will subsidize the cost of this." I mean, must have caused her agony to do that. and she chooses as the commander of this expeditionary force her old favorite, the Earl of Leicester. And because she doesn't entirely trust the Dutch,

41:37she obliges them to hand over three key ports to English garrisons to serve the English as what are described as cautionary towns. So basically these towns are are kind of hostages. Um, and they are the town of Bril, which commanded the um, the mouth of the great river Mars or the MS if you're speaking in French. Um, and Flushing and Ramachen, which are ports on an island

42:02just beyond the Shelt Eststerie. And the reason for choosing these ports is that between them, it enables the English to control what goes in and goes out of the Shelt Estster down towards Antwerp. So in other words, to throttle the ability of the Spanish to move by sea from Antworp round the northern coast towards the rebel heartlands in Holland and Zealand. >> And the guy who's going to be uh in