Cyrus took Babylon with a policy of tolerance, protecting the city's temples and its patron god Marduk rather than sacking it, which won over the Babylonian population.
When Cyrus's army entered Babylon, he ordered Persian soldiers to guard the great temple of Marduk and ensured religious rites continued uninterrupted, presenting himself as a liberator rather than a conqueror. ✦ AI generated
Paul Cooper (narrating the Nabonidus Chronicle) · Fall of Civilizations · 2025-12-16 · original ↗
starts at this moment · 90:03
Until the end of the month, the shield-bearers of Persia surrounded the gates of the Esagil. There was no interruption of whatever rites in the Esagil and the other temples, and no ritual date was missed. There was peace in the city when Cyrus spoke greetings to all of Babylon.
verbatim transcript · starts at 90:03
90:03the Esagil. There was no interruption of whatever rites in the Esagil and the other temples, and no ritual date was missed. There was peace in the city when Cyrus spoke greetings to all of Babylon. The gods of Akkad that Nabonidus had brought to Babylon returned safely to their cult places. All of this signaled that Cyrus wanted to promote an image of himself as a very different kind of ruler to those who had come before.
90:41When he arrived, Cyrus found Babylon full of captured peoples who had been seized from their lands in far-flung provinces and forced to relocate to the city, and remarkably, one of his first decrees as the ruler of Babylon was to allow all of these peoples, if they wished, to return home. These people came from all over the empire. Elamites and Medes from the Zagros, Aramaeans from Syria, Phoenicians from cities like Tyre and Sidon,
91:17even Egyptians and Arabs. But most famously, they also came from the Hebrew kingdom of Judah. The Hebrew Bible recalls this event. Now in the first year of Cyrus, king of Persia, he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying, "Thus saith Cyrus, king of Persia, the Lord God of heaven hath given me all the kingdoms of the earth. Who is there among you of all his people? His God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem."
91:59Like the people of Babylon with Marduk, the Judeans interpreted Cyrus as having been chosen by their god Yahweh to set them free. Cyrus might have calculated that sending back these few thousand deportees would improve his reputation around his new empire, but he couldn't have predicted quite how long or how far this act of kindness would be remembered. Since the Hebrew Bible would form the basis for the future Christian religion,
- ·Persian shield-bearers guarded Esagil, Marduk's great temple
- ·No interruption of temple rites during conquest
- ·No ritual date was missed
- ·Cyrus spoke greetings of peace to Babylon
- ·Policy of tolerance protected temples instead of sacking
- ·Marduk's cult preserved, not destroyed
- ·Winning Babylonian loyalty through restraint