At peak historical production rates, it would take about a billion years of continuous operation at Fermilab to manufacture a single gram of antimatter.

116:08we would smash ten to the thirteen protons into a target, and we would get out ten to the eighth antiprotons. So basically, in order to get a single antiproton, we needed to smash a hundred thousand protons into material. So every two point three seconds, we would get of order ten to the eighth antiprotons. And what we would do is we would collect them over the course of twelve hours or

116:38so, and we would get, in the end, we would have to collect them and cool them down and so forth, of order ten to the twelfth antiprotons every twelve to twenty-four hours. So ten to the twelfth sounds like a lot. It really does. That is a trillion. But you need to remember that a gram of antimatter is ten to the twenty-three antiprotons. So that means over the course of a day, we were able to create something like one hundred

117:09billionth of a gram. And so if we did that for a year, then that would be about a nanogram. So about a nanogram a year, give or take. That's a reasonable estimate. So a nanogram, one billionth of a gram, so that means at that rate, with that facility, it would take a billion years running with very little downtime to make a single gram of antimatter. If you combine one gram of antimatter

117:40and one gram of matter together, the energy release is equivalent to the combined Hiroshima and Nagasaki explosions. So that tells you if you wanted a megaton, you need about 25 times more. So you would have to run for 25 billion years to get a megaton of explosive power. - Let me lay it all out, because I think it's pretty interesting actually. This is a NASA estimate of how much it costs to produce antimatter. So looking at all