AlphaFold turned protein structure determination, which used to take about a year and $100,000 of specialist experimental work per protein, into a prediction that takes 5-10 minutes, and has now been used to predict 200 million protein structures.

11:33I guess I I'm telling you all about proteins and nothing about what we did, but what we did was develop a new deep learning system from the publicly available experimental data. So, all very public data that was vastly more accurate at predicting protein structure. So, predicts it to something like within the radius of an atom, right, in in typical accuracy. And an accuracy that starts to rival at least

11:57some experimental methods, but more importantly than that is you know, extraordinarily fast. So, it takes 5-10 minutes to get the structure of a protein instead of a year. I should at some point figure out what that ratio is in terms of time. But then also, of course, it's incredibly scalable. So, we've predicted the structure of 200 million proteins, basically every protein from an organism whose genome has been sequenced. Right?

12:21We've made this widely available and scientists are using it like crazy. >> It's absolutely amazing. You have released a database of all of these proteins and the map lit up. So, now scientists from all around the world, they can access these protein structures for many downstream tasks. But to bring this to life, you know, we have proteins doing things in the body and we can use these structures and we could do things

12:42like drug discovery and and and whatnot. But what what's the gap? So, what can people do now that they have these structures? >> I think the right way to think about this is it's a starting point for biological research. If you think about what what people do, what are some beautiful studies that people have done, you know, we we see it all the way. One that just came out was

13:05scientist trying to understand how cholesterol is moved about in the body, right? What what actually is the thing that takes cholesterol and moves it from one place to another? How might mutations in that affect high cholesterol, heart disease, etc.? There's this beautiful weird protein that kind of wraps around it in a shape that we really didn't know until a few months ago when this paper came out. And

13:33what they were able to do actually is a it's one of the ways in which scientists I think really commonly use AlphaFold is they use both experimental techniques and AlphaFold. So they used an experimental technique um cryo-electron microscopy to take an incredibly blobby picture. You know, they used to call cryo-EM blobbology. It's gotten much better, but it's incredibly kind of rough picture. And they don't really know the atomic