The component takes a GitHub blob URL with a line range (e.g. .../blob/<sha>/<path>#L9-L18) and converts it into a raw.githubusercontent.com URL to fetch the file contents.
Explains the URL-rewriting mechanism: GitHub blob URLs are transformed into raw content URLs for fetching.
transcript
Simon Willison: It takes URLs like that, converts them to https://raw.githubusercontent.com/simonw/sqlite-ast/437c759129154f05296324a7f82aa1246340dd14/sqlite_ast/parser.py, then uses fetch() to fetch them and displays the specified range of lines