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Audio · 2026-06-18 · 45m · 6 moments

Re-engineering the Semiconductor Supply Chain with Intel CEO Lip-Bu Tan

At 66 years old, instead of heading towards retirement, former Cadence CEO and legendary investor Lip-Bu Tan decided to take on the hardest job in tech: turning Intel around. Elad Gil and Sarah Guo sit down with Intel CEO Lip-Bu Tan to talk about why he took the job and what “saving” Intel actually looks like. Tan explains how his experience in startup culture informed his decisions to drive Intel’s culture towards faster decisions, focus on customer satisfaction, and engineer accountability. He ✦ AI generated

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01
Claim

The reason I took the Intel CEO job is that this is an iconic company essential for the semiconductor ecosystem and for the United States — I decided to do one more after Cadence.

Lip-Bu Tan explains he took the job at 66 because Intel is an iconic company vital to the semiconductor ecosystem and the US, seeing it as one more challenge after Cadence.

transcript

Lip-Bu Tan: I'm 66, and they put that, well, you should retire rather than take on this hardest job in the industry. And so a couple of reasons. One is this is an iconic company and it's so important for the semiconductor ecosystem and also so important for United States. And so I decided, you know, do one more after Cadence.

02
Anecdote

One day, early morning, President Trump asked me to resign due to conflict of interest, but after I explained my background — born in Malaysia, grew up in Singapore, went to MIT, lived in the US my whole life — he listened and gave me the chance.

Tan describes the surprising moment President Trump asked him to resign over conflict of interest, and how he convinced Trump to let him continue by explaining his personal history and dedication to saving Intel.

transcript

Lip-Bu Tan: Well, the most surprising that I don't learn from my previous job or even training is one day, early morning, President Trump asking me to resign. and conflict of interest, and there's no exceptions. And so I had to convince myself, first of all, I don't need this job. I do it purely to save Intel. And so take that personal issue out of the way. Then I figure out, what can I do to be helpful to Intel? And so good news is I have a meeting, you know, Thursday morning, and then Monday I have the meeting. And then he listened to me. I have a chance to explain myself. I was born in Malaysia, grown up in Singapore, went to MIT, and I lived in the US. I never lived outside the country. And so something that I shared, and then somehow he listened very well, and then he gave me the chance.

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03
Claim

We strengthened the balance sheet with the US government as a major shareholder and with investments from Jensen Huang and SoftBank's Masa, then simplified the product line and listened to customers — and now CPU demand is surging because in agentic AI, the CPU is actually better for reinforcement learning and orchestrating agents.

Tan explains his step-by-step turnaround: strengthening the balance sheet with US government backing and investments from Jensen Huang and SoftBank, simplifying products, and benefiting from surging CPU demand driven by agentic AI where CPUs outperform GPUs for reinforcement learning and agent orchestration.

transcript

Lip-Bu Tan: And then first step for me is to strengthen my balance sheets. And the balance sheet is really horrible in some way. So I'm delighted, you know, US government become a big shareholder. Just I explained to President Trump, TSMC, when they started, they have the Taiwan government as a shareholder. If you look at Japan, you look at Singapore, this is the infrastructure US government get to provide the support. Secondly, very happy that Jensen Huang, my all-time friend, he also put 5 billion in investing and support me. And I'm glad I at least do some good work. His 5 billion become 25 billion now or more. And then the other part is SoftBank Masa. I used to be at SoftBank board, and then he lent a hand to help me. So we strengthened the balance sheet and then focused on the products. And I really simplified the product, listened to the customer, and then drive the next generation leadership products. And then in some ways, very lucky. Right now, the authentic AI and influence CPO become highly in demand. And so versus 1 to 8 in the training CPU to GPU, now I can see 1 to 4, maybe 1 to 1, and I'm delighted CPU become important. I talked to some of the AI model and developer, and they said, well, in term of reinforced learning, in term of the speed of orchestrating all the agents, and turn out the CPU is actually better.

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04
Claim

I decided to double down on Intel's foundry business because it is critical for the United States and for the industry — you cannot depend on just one or two players in different geographic regions; you need a robust and resilient supply chain.

Tan explains his decision to double down on Intel Foundry despite many voices saying it's too expensive and won't work, arguing that the US needs domestic advanced manufacturing capability and the industry needs a more resilient, multi-geography supply chain.

transcript

Lip-Bu Tan: So I think, when I decided whether I should double down on Foundry or should I get out of Foundry, and I... And there's a lot of voices. A lot of voices in the marketplace, as you can tell. It's very expensive. It's not going to work. But I finally decided this is very important for United States. and also very important for the industry. And I'll give you the idea that we all live through these challenges of supply chain. And it's very important for any of the big company in semiconductor and really have to think about the supply chains. And you have to have a robust and resilient supply chain. You cannot just depend on one or two players in different geographic growth. And so I think more and more people are going to realize making it in the United States is critical.

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05
Mechanism

When you hit the physical limits of miniaturization, you find new materials and new design methodologies — we're investing in gallium nitride, silicon carbide, indium phosphide, glass substrates, and even artificial diamond, because as an engineer, you always hit the wall and then find a way to jump over it or walk around it.

Tan describes how Intel is preparing for the end of pure lithographic scaling by investing in new materials like gallium nitride, silicon carbide, glass substrates, and artificial diamond, and emphasizes that engineers always find ways around physical walls.

transcript

Lip-Bu Tan: So right now I also look at some new materials. So become going back to the material size or the chemical table. So gallium nitride, silicon carbide, and indium phosphide. So I invest in all three. And then looking at some of this new material, how can we really drive that? And then in terms of packaging, I starting to invest into glass. Glass is a very good heat insulator. So I even invested a venture site called 3DGS. Then I realized that Intel, we have like 1,000 patent on the module. So how the subscript and the module put it together. And we just announced a big program with Indian government to manufacturing in India plus in US and New Mexico. So I think this advanced packaging very important. I also starting to look at artificial diamond. And that's another very good insulator. So I also invest into, diamond foundry. And that's something is a next generation to look at. So new material, new subscript material, and new, design methodology to drive that. So one thing good about being an engineer, you're always hitting the wall, then you find a way to either jump over the wall or you walk around the wall and then to get to the better result.

06
Mechanism

As an investor, I always look for where the bottleneck is — for example, interconnect became the bottleneck so I backed Cradle Semiconductor and Celestial AI in the optical side, and I look for AI/ML solutions that can drive better design and reduce cost and complexity in EDA.

Tan explains his investment philosophy: identify the bottleneck in the semiconductor stack — such as interconnect speed — and back companies solving that problem, like optical interconnect startups, and also find AI-driven solutions that improve EDA design efficiency and cost.

transcript

Lip-Bu Tan: But more important, I look at this, first of all, on the investment side, I always look at where is the bottleneck. What are you trying to solve? For example, I invest in a company called Cradle Semiconductor, Australia Lab. Is this interconnect become the bottleneck? So I decided to back and also back Celestial AI in the optical side. And then because speed become more important in the interconnect in the cluster. So I think optical become very important. Look at Jensen. He invest in almost every company is photonic related. And then the other part I'm looking at is, you know, okay, what are the solution that need? Like, for example, we talk about design and then the complexity and also the cost. Can you find some using AI machine learning to drive better design and better solution? So a couple of new startups actually go into the EDA-related areas.

Highlight slides
Trump Asked Tan to Resign✦ from: One day, early morning, President Trump asked me to resign due to conflict of interest, but after I explained my background — born in Malaysia, grew up in Singapore, went to MIT, lived in the US my whole life — he listened and gave me the chance.Personal Story Changed the Outcome✦ from: One day, early morning, President Trump asked me to resign due to conflict of interest, but after I explained my background — born in Malaysia, grew up in Singapore, went to MIT, lived in the US my whole life — he listened and gave me the chance.Trump Listened and Reversed Course✦ from: One day, early morning, President Trump asked me to resign due to conflict of interest, but after I explained my background — born in Malaysia, grew up in Singapore, went to MIT, lived in the US my whole life — he listened and gave me the chance.Turnaround Playbook: Strengthen, Simplify, Surge✦ from: We strengthened the balance sheet with the US government as a major shareholder and with investments from Jensen Huang and SoftBank's Masa, then simplified the product line and listened to customers — and now CPU demand is surging because in agentic AI, the CPU is actually better for reinforcement learning and orchestrating agents.CPU Demand Surges in Agentic AI Era✦ from: We strengthened the balance sheet with the US government as a major shareholder and with investments from Jensen Huang and SoftBank's Masa, then simplified the product line and listened to customers — and now CPU demand is surging because in agentic AI, the CPU is actually better for reinforcement learning and orchestrating agents.
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